Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 May 25
A close-up image is shown of the planet Jupiter. Many clouds are
visible including clouds colored blue near the bottom, on the left, and
white oval clouds on the upper right. Please see the explanation for
more detailed information.

Beneath Jupiter
Image Credit & Copyright: NASA, Juno, SwRI, MSSS; Processing & License:
Gerald Eichst+ñdt & Se+ín Doran

Explanation: Jupiter is stranger than we knew. NASA's Juno spacecraft
has now completed over 70 swoops past Jupiter as it moves around its
highly elliptical orbit. Pictured from 2017, Jupiter is seen from below
where, surprisingly, the horizontal bands that cover most of the planet
disappear into swirls and complex patterns. A line of white oval clouds
is visible nearer to the equator. Impressive results from Juno show
that Jupiter's weather phenomena can extend deep below its cloud tops,
that Jupiter's center has a core that is unexpectedly large and soft,
and that Jupiter's magnetic field varies greatly with location.
Although Juno is scheduled to keep orbiting Jupiter further into 2025,
at some time the robotic spacecraft will be maneuvered to plunge into
the giant planet.

Jigsaw Jumble: Astronomy Puzzle of the Day
Tomorrow's picture: galaxy spikes
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
NASA Web Privacy, Accessibility, Notices;
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 May 26
An oval galaxy is shown against a field of stars. The outer rings shows
many bright blue stars. In the center is a bright nucleus with eight
spikes jutting out. Please see the explanation for more detailed
information.

Spiral Galaxy NGC 2566 from Webb
Image Credit: ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, A. Leroy

Explanation: WhatCÇÖs happening in the center of spiral galaxy NGC 2566?
First, the eight rays that appear to be coming out of the center in the
featured infrared image are not real CÇö they are diffraction spikes
caused by the mechanical structure of the Webb space telescope itself.
The center of NGC 2566 is bright but not considered unusual, which
means that it likely contains a supermassive black hole, although
currently not very active. At only 76 million light years away, the
light we see from NGC 2566 today left when dinosaurs roamed the Earth.
The picturesque galaxy is close enough so that Earthly telescopes,
including Webb and Hubble, can resolve the turbulent clouds of gas and
dust where stars can form and so allows study of stellar evolution. NGC
2566, similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy, is notable for its
bright central bar and its prominent outer spiral arms.

Tomorrow's picture: colorful star clouds
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
NASA Web Privacy, Accessibility, Notices;
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 May 27
A very colorful sky field is shown featuring many stars and nebulas
that appear red, yellow, blue, and brown. Please see the explanation
for more detailed information.

Zeta and Rho Ophiuchi with Milky Way
Image Credit & Copyright: Ireneusz Nowak

Explanation: Behold one of the most photogenic regions of the night
sky, captured impressively. Featured, the band of our Milky Way Galaxy
runs diagonally along the bottom-left corner, while the colorful Rho
Ophiuchi cloud complex is visible just right of center and the large
red circular Zeta Ophiuchi Nebula appears near the top. In general, red
emanates from nebulas glowing in the light of excited hydrogen gas,
while blue marks interstellar dust preferentially reflecting the light
of bright young stars. Thick dust usually appears dark brown. Many
iconic objects of the night sky appear, including (can you find them?)
the bright star Antares, the globular star cluster M4, and the Blue
Horsehead nebula. This wide field composite, taken over 17 hours, was
captured from South Africa last June.

Explore Your Universe: Random APOD Generator
Tomorrow's picture: powerful space jet
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Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
NASA Web Privacy, Accessibility, Notices;
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 May 28

Herbig-Haro 24
Image Credit: NASA, ESA, Hubble Heritage (STScI / AURA) / Hubble-Europe
Collaboration
Acknowledgment: D. Padgett (GSFC), T. Megeath (University of Toledo),
B. Reipurth (University of Hawaii)

Explanation: This might look like a double-bladed lightsaber, but these
two cosmic jets actually beam outward from a newborn star in a galaxy
near you. Constructed from Hubble Space Telescope image data, the
stunning scene spans about half a light-year across Herbig-Haro 24 (HH
24), some 1,300 light-years or 400 parsecs away in the stellar
nurseries of the Orion B molecular cloud complex. Hidden from direct
view, HH 24's central protostar is surrounded by cold dust and gas
flattened into a rotating accretion disk. As material from the disk
falls toward the young stellar object, it heats up. Opposing jets are
blasted out along the system's rotation axis. Cutting through the
region's interstellar matter, the narrow, energetic jets produce a
series of glowing shock fronts along their path.

Tomorrow's picture: open space
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Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 May 29

Irregular Dwarf Galaxy Sextans A
Image Credit & Copyright: Franz Hofmann, Gemsbock Observatory

Explanation: Grand spiral galaxies often seem to get all the attention,
flaunting young, bright, blue star clusters and pinkish star forming
regions along graceful, symmetric spiral arms. But small galaxies form
stars too, like irregular dwarf galaxy Sextans A. Its young star
clusters and star forming regions are gathered into a gumdrop-shaped
region a mere 5,000 light-years across. Seen toward the navigational
constellation Sextans, the small galaxy lies some 4.5 million
light-years distant. That puts it near the outskirts of the local group
of galaxies, that includes the large, massive spirals Andromeda and our
own Milky Way. Brighter Milky Way foreground stars appear spiky and
yellowish in this colorful telescopic view of Sextans A.

Tomorrow's picture: Mars in the loop
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Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
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& Michigan Tech. U.

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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 May 30

Mars in the Loop
Image Credit & Copyright: Tunc Tezel (TWAN)

Explanation: This composite of images spaced a weather-permitting 5 to
9 days apart, from 2024 September 19 (top right) through 2025 May 18
(bottom left), faithfully traces ruddy-colored Mars as it makes a
clockwise loop through the constellations Gemini and Cancer in planet
Earth's night sky. You can connect the dots and dates with your cursor
over the image, but be sure to check out this animation of the Red
Planet's 2024/25 retrograde motion. Of course Mars didn't actually
reverse the direction of its orbit. Instead, the apparent backwards
motion with respect to the background stars is a reflection of the
orbital motion of Earth itself. Retrograde motion can be seen each time
Earth overtakes and laps planets orbiting farther from the Sun, the
Earth moving more rapidly through its own relatively close-in orbit. In
this case Mars' apparent eastward motion began to reverse around
December 8, when it seemed to linger near open star cluster M44 in
Cancer. After wandering back to the west, under Gemini's bright stars
Castor and Pollux, Mars returned to pose near M44 by early May. At its
brightest near opposition on 2025 January 16, Mars was a mere 96
million kilometers away.

Tomorrow's picture: afterimage
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Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 May 31

Afterimage Sunset
Image Credit & Copyright: Marcella Giulia Pace

Explanation: On May 7, the Sun setting behind a church bell tower was
captured in this filtered and manipulated digital skyscape from Ragusa,
Sicily, planet Earth. In this version of the image the colors look
bizarre. Still, an intriguing optical illusion known as an afterimage
can help you experience the same scene with a more natural looking
appearance. To try it, find the sunspots of active region AR4079
grouped near the bottom of the blue solar disk. Relax and stare at the
dark sunspot group for about 30 seconds, then close your eyes or shift
your gaze to a plain white surface. In a moment an afterimage of the
sunset should faintly appear. But the afterimage sunset will have this
image's complementary colors and a more normal yellow Sun against a
familiar blue sky.

Tomorrow's picture: wildly interacting
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Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 2
The featured image shows a night sky with a large complex nebula in red
and blue. The Veil Nebula has several famous components such as the Bat
and Witch's Broom Nebulas. Please see the explanation for more detailed
information.

Veil Nebula: Wisps of an Ancient Supernova
Image Credit & Copyright: Abdullah Alharbi

Explanation: Wisps like this are all that remain visible of a Milky Way
star. About 7,000 years ago that star exploded in a supernova, leaving
the Veil Nebula. At the time, the expanding cloud was likely as bright
as a crescent Moon, remaining visible for weeks to people living at the
dawn of recorded history. Today, the resulting supernova remnant, also
known as the Cygnus Loop, has faded and is now visible only through a
small telescope directed toward the constellation of the Swan (Cygnus).
The remaining Veil Nebula is physically huge, however, and even though
it lies about 1,400 light-years distant, it covers over five times the
size of the full Moon. The featured picture was taken in Kuwait in
mid-2024 and features light emitted by hydrogen in red and oxygen in
blue. In deep images of the complete Veil Nebula like this, even
studious readers might not be able to identify the iconic filaments.

Piece it All Together: Astronomy Puzzle of the Day
Tomorrow's picture: rainbow sky
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
NASA Web Privacy, Accessibility, Notices;
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 3
A starfield is seen over water, clouds, and the lights of a city below.
The starfield is oddly not black, but shows a repeating assortment of
transparent colors diagonally from the lower left to the upper right.
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Rainbow Airglow over the Azores
Image Credit & Copyright: Miguel Claro (TWAN); Rollover Annotation:
Judy Schmidt

Explanation: Why would the sky glow like a giant repeating rainbow?
Airglow. Now, air glows all of the time, but it is usually hard to see.
A disturbance however -- like an approaching storm -- may cause
noticeable rippling in the Earth's atmosphere. These gravity waves are
oscillations in air analogous to those created when a rock is thrown in
calm water. The long-duration exposure nearly along the vertical walls
of airglow likely made the undulating structure particularly visible.
OK, but where do the colors originate? The deep red glow likely
originates from OH molecules about 87 kilometers high, excited by
ultraviolet light from the Sun. The orange and green airglow is likely
caused by sodium and oxygen atoms slightly higher up. The featured
image was captured during a climb up Mount Pico in the Azores of
Portugal. Ground lights originate from the island of Faial in the
Atlantic Ocean. A spectacular sky is visible through this banded
airglow, with the central band of our Milky Way Galaxy running up the
image center, and M31, the Andromeda Galaxy, visible near the top left.

APOD Turns 30!: Free Public Lecture in Anchorage on June 11
Tomorrow's picture: Rubin begins
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
NASA Web Privacy, Accessibility, Notices;
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

--- BBBS/Li6 v4.10 Toy-7
* Origin: The Rusty MailBox - Penticton, BC Canada (1:153/757)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 4
A large telescope appears on the left. The band of our Milky Way Galaxy
extends from the telescope to the upper right of the image. The horizon
has a slight glow. Please see the explanation for more detailed
information.

A Milky Road to the Rubin Observatory
Image Credit: NSF, DOE, Rubin Obs., Paulo Assun+º+úo Lago (Rubin Obs.)

Explanation: Is the sky the same every night? No -- the night sky
changes every night in many ways. To better explore how the night sky
changes, the USA's NSF and DOE commissioned the Vera C. Rubin
Observatory in Cerro Pach+|n, Chile. In final testing before routine
operations, Rubin will begin to explore these nightly changes -- slight
differences that can tell us much about our amazing universe and its
surprising zoo of objects. With a mirror over 8 meters across, Rubin
will continually reimage the entire visible sky every few nights to
discover new supernovas, potentially dangerous asteroids, faint comets,
and variable stars -- as well as mapping out the visible universe's
large-scale structure. Pictured, the distant central band of our Milky
Way Galaxy appears to flow out from the newly operational observatory.
Taken last month, the featured picture is a composite of 21 images
across the night sky, capturing airglow on the horizon and the Small
Magellanic Cloud galaxy on the lower left.

APOD Turns 30!: Free Public Lecture in Anchorage on June 11
Tomorrow's picture: open space
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
NASA Web Privacy, Accessibility, Notices;
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

--- BBBS/Li6 v4.10 Toy-7
* Origin: The Rusty MailBox - Penticton, BC Canada (1:153/757)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 5

Savudrija Star Trails
Image Credit & Copyright: Branko Nadj

Explanation: Savudrija lighthouse shines along the coast near the
northern end of the Istrian peninsula in this well-composed night
skyscape. A navigational aid for sailors on the Adriatic Sea, the
historic lighthouse was constructed in the early 19th century. But an
even older aid to navigation shines in the sky above, Polaris, alpha
star of the constellation Ursa Minor and also known as the North Star.
In this scene Polaris forms the shortest bright arc near the North
Celestial Pole, the extension of Earth's axis of rotation into space.
Of course, the North Celestial Pole lies exactly at the center of all
the concentric startrails. The composite image is a digital stack of
400 exposures, each 30 seconds long, taken with camera and tripod fixed
to a rotating planet.

Tomorrow's picture: pixels in space
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Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 6

NGC 6302: The Butterfly Nebula
Image Credit & Copyright: Mike Selby

Explanation: The bright clusters and nebulae of planet Earth's night
sky are often given the names of flowers or insects, and its whopping 3
light-year wingspan, NGC 6302 is no exception. With an estimated
surface temperature of about 250,000 degrees C, the central star of the
planetary nebula is transforming into a white dwarf star, becoming
exceptionally hot, and shining brightly in ultraviolet light. The
central star is hidden from direct view by a torus of dust, but its
energetic ultraviolet light ionizes atoms in the nebula. In this sharp,
telescopic view composed with narrowband image data, the ionized
hydrogen and doubly ionized oxygen atoms are shown in their
characteristic red and blue-green hues to reveal a stunning complex of
knots and filaments within the nebula's wing-like bipolar outflows. NGC
6302 lies about 4,000 light-years away in the arachnologically correct
constellation of the Scorpion (Scorpius).

Tomorrow's picture: perseverance with ingenuity
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 7

Perseverance Selfie with Ingenuity
Image Credit: NASA, JPL-Caltech, MSSS

Explanation: On the Mars rover's mission Sol 46 or Earth date April 6,
2021, Perseverance held out a robotic arm to take its first selfie on
Mars. The WATSON camera at the end of the arm was designed to take
close-ups of Martian rocks and surface details though, and not a quick
snap shot of friends and smiling faces. In the end, teamwork and weeks
of planning on Mars time was required to program a complex series of
exposures and camera motions to include Perseverance and its
surroundings. The resulting 62 frames were composed into a detailed
mosaic, one of the most complicated Mars rover selfies ever taken. In
this version of the selfie, the rover's Mastcam-Z and SuperCam
instruments are looking toward WATSON and the end of the rover's
outstretched arm. About 4 meters (13 feet) from Perseverance is a
robotic companion, the Mars Ingenuity helicopter. Perseverance has now
spent over 1,500 sols exploring the surface of the Red Planet. On Earth
date January 18, 2024, Ingenuity made its 72nd and final flight through
the thin Martian atmosphere.

Tomorrow's picture: Facing NGC 3344
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 8
Grand spiral galaxy NGC 3344 is shown. Spiral arms with stars, star
clusters, and nebula are visible. Please see the explanation for more
detailed information.

Facing NGC 3344
Image Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA

Explanation: From our vantage point in the Milky Way Galaxy, we see NGC
3344 face-on. Nearly 40,000 light-years across, the big, beautiful
spiral galaxy is located just 20 million light-years away in the
constellation of Leo Minor. This multi-color Hubble Space Telescope
close-up of NGC 3344 includes remarkable details from near infrared to
ultraviolet wavelengths. The frame extends some 15,000 light-years
across the spiral's central regions. From the core outward, the
galaxy's colors change from the yellowish light of old stars in the
center to young blue star clusters and reddish star forming regions
along the loose, fragmented spiral arms. Of course, the bright stars
with a spiky appearance are in front of NGC 3344 and lie well within
our own Milky Way.

APOD Turns 30!: Free Public Lecture in Anchorage on Wednesday, June 11
at 7 pm
Tomorrow's picture: cosmic double
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
NASA Web Privacy, Accessibility, Notices;
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

--- BBBS/Li6 v4.10 Toy-7
* Origin: The Rusty MailBox - Penticton, BC Canada (1:153/757)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 9
A starfield is shown with many stars and several faint light brown dust
clouds. In the center is a large cloud with brown dust and gas shells
lined in blue. Please see the explanation for more detailed
information.

Between Scylla and Charybdis: A Double Cosmic Discovery
Image Credit: M. Drechsler, Y. Sainty, A. Soto, N. Martino, L.
Leroux-Gere, S. Khallouqui, & A. Kaeouach; Text: Ogetay Kayali
(Michigan Tech U.)

Explanation: Can you identify this celestial object? Likely not CÇö
because this is a discovery image. Massive stars forge heavy elements
in their cores and, after a few million years, end their lives in
powerful supernova explosions. These remnants cool relatively quickly
and fade, making them difficult to detect. To uncover such faint,
previously unknown supernova remnants, a dedicated group of amateur
astrophotographers searched through sky surveys for possible supernova
remnant candidates. The result: the first-ever image of supernova
remnant G115.5+9.1 CÇö named Scylla by its discoverersCÇöglowing faintly in
the constellation of the mythological King of Aethiopia: Cepheus.
Emission from hydrogen atoms in the remnant is shown in red, and faint
emission from oxygen is shown in hues of blue. Surprisingly, another
discovery lurked to the upper right: a faint, previously unknown
planetary nebula candidate. In keeping with mythological tradition, it
was named Charybdis (Sai 2) CÇö a nod to the ancient Greek expression
"caught between Scylla and Charybdis" from HomerCÇÖs Odyssey.

Tomorrow's picture: leaky space orb
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
NASA Web Privacy, Accessibility, Notices;
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

--- BBBS/Li6 v4.10 Toy-7
* Origin: The Rusty MailBox - Penticton, BC Canada (1:153/757)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 10
A picture of a mostly white orb is shown that has many craters and
crevasses. Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Enceladus in True Color
Image Credit: NASA, ESA, JPL, SSI, Cassini Imaging Team

Explanation: Do oceans under the ice of Saturn's moon Enceladus contain
life? A reason to think so involves long features -- some dubbed tiger
stripes -- that are known to be spewing ice from the moon's icy
interior into space. These surface cracks create clouds of fine ice
particles over the moon's South Pole and create Saturn's mysterious
E-ring. Evidence for this has come from the robot Cassini spacecraft
that orbited Saturn from 2004 to 2017. Pictured here, a high resolution
image of Enceladus is shown in true color from a close flyby. The deep
crevasses are partly shadowed. Why Enceladus is active remains a
mystery, as the neighboring moon Mimas, approximately the same size,
appears quite dead. A analysis of ejected ice grains has yielded
evidence that complex organic molecules. These large carbon-rich
molecules bolster -- but do not prove -- that oceans under Enceladus'
surface could contain life.

APOD Turns 30!: Free public lecture in Anchorage tomorrow (Wednesday)
at 7 pm
Tomorrow's picture: top 25
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
NASA Web Privacy, Accessibility, Notices;
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

--- BBBS/Li6 v4.10 Toy-7
* Origin: The Rusty MailBox - Penticton, BC Canada (1:153/757)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 11
A grid of images of the 25 brightest stars on the night sky is shown.
The grid is 5 x 5. Some stars look bluer or more orange than others
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

25 Brightest Stars in the Night Sky
Image Credit & Copyright: Tragoolchitr Jittasaiyapan

Explanation: Do you know the names of some of the brightest stars? It's
likely that you do, even though some bright stars have names so old
they date back to near the beginning of written language. Many world
cultures have their own names for the brightest stars, and it is
culturally and historically important to remember them. In the interest
of clear global communication, however, the International Astronomical
Union (IAU) has begun to designate standardized star names. Featured
here in true color are the 25 brightest stars in the night sky,
currently as seen by humans, coupled with their IAU-recognized names.
Some star names have interesting meanings, including Sirius ("the
scorcher" in Latin), Vega ("falling" in Arabic), and Antares ("rival to
Mars" in Greek). You are likely even familiar with the name of at least
one star too dim to make this list: Polaris.

APOD Turns 30!: Free public lecture in Anchorage TONIGHT (Wednesday) at
7 pm
Tomorrow's picture: open space
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
NASA Web Privacy, Accessibility, Notices;
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 12

Solar Eclipse
Image Credit & Copyright: Fred Espenak

Explanation: On April 20, 2023 the shadow of a New Moon raced across
planet Earth's southern hemisphere. When viewed along a narrow path
that mostly avoided landfall, the Moon in silhouette created a hybrid
solar eclipse. Hybrid eclipses are rare and can be seen as a total
eclipse or an annular "ring of fire" eclipse depending on the
observer's position. Viewers of this much anticipated hybrid event were
able to witness a total solar eclipse while anchored in the Indian
Ocean near the centerline of the eclipse track off the coast of western
Australia. This ship-borne image from renowned eclipse chaser Fred
Espenak captured the active Sun's magnificent outer atmosphere, or
solar corona, streaming into space. The composite of 11 exposures
ranging from 1/2000 to 1/2 second, taken during the 62 seconds of
totality, records an extended range of brightness to follow alluring
details of the corona not quite visible to the eye.

Fred Espenak (1953-2025)
Tomorrow's picture: An Interesting Voyage
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Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 13

Rubin's Galaxy
Image Credit: NASA, ESA, B. Holwerda (University of Louisville)

Explanation: In this Hubble Space Telescope image the bright, spiky
stars lie in the foreground toward the heroic northern constellation
Perseus and well within our own Milky Way galaxy. In sharp focus beyond
is UGC 2885, a giant spiral galaxy about 232 million light-years
distant. Some 800,000 light-years across compared to the Milky Way's
diameter of 100,000 light-years or so, it has around 1 trillion stars.
That's about 10 times as many stars as the Milky Way. Part of an
investigation to understand how galaxies can grow to such enormous
sizes, UGC 2885 was also part of An Interesting Voyage and American
astronomer Vera Rubin's pioneering study of the rotation of spiral
galaxies. Her work was the first to convincingly demonstrate the
dominating presence of dark matter in our universe. A new U.S. coin has
been issured to honor Vera Rubin, while the Vera C. Rubin Observatory
is scheduled to unveil images from its first look at the cosmos on June
23.

Tomorrow's picture: criss-crossing
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Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 14
A night sky is shown with many stars and streaks. In the foreground at
the bottom are hills, a river, and the red and white streaks of car
lights. Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Meteors and Satellite Trails over the Limay River
Image Credit & Copyright: Mart+¡n Molin+¬

Explanation: What are all those streaks in the sky? A galaxy, many
satellite trails, and a few meteors. First, far in the distance, the
majestic band of our Milky Way Galaxy runs down the left. Mirroring it
on the right are several parallel trails of Earth-orbiting Starlink
satellites. Many fainter satellite trails also crisscross the image.
The two short and bright streaks are meteors CÇö likely members of the
annual Eta Aquariids meteor shower. The planet Venus shines on the
lower right. Venus and the satellites shine by reflected sunlight. The
featured picture is a composite of exposures all taken in a few hours
on May 4 over the Limay River in Argentina.

Tomorrow's picture: One Sun
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Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 15
Two images are shown side by side. On the left is a sunset seen from
Earth, while on the right is a sunset seen from Mars. The Earth sunset
is quite orange, while the Mars sunset is quite blue. The Sun appears
angularly smaller from Mars than from the Earth. Please see the
explanation for more detailed information.

Two Worlds, One Sun
Left Image Credit & Copyright: Damia Bouic;
Right Image Credit: NASA, JPL-Caltech, MSSS; Digital processing: Damia
Bouic

Explanation: How different does sunset appear from Mars than from
Earth? For comparison, two images of our common star were taken at
sunset, one from Earth and one from Mars. These images were scaled to
have the same angular width and are featured here side-by-side. A quick
inspection will reveal that the Sun appears slightly smaller from Mars
than from Earth. This makes sense since Mars is 50% further from the
Sun than Earth. More striking, perhaps, is that the Martian sunset is
noticeably bluer near the Sun than the typically orange colors near the
setting Sun from Earth. The reason for the blue hues from Mars is not
fully understood, but thought to be related to forward scattering
properties of Martian dust. The terrestrial sunset was taken in 2012
March from Marseille, France, while the Martian sunset was captured in
2015 by NASA's robotic Curiosity rover from Gale crater on Mars.

APOD Turns 30!: Free Public Lecture in Cork, Ireland on June 24
Tomorrow's picture: S30E1
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 16

APOD is 30 Years Old Today
Image Credit: Pixelization of Van Gogh's The Starry Night by Dario
Giannobile

Explanation: APOD is 30 years old today. In celebration, today's
picture uses past APODs as tiles arranged to create a single pixelated
image that might remind you of one of the most well-known and evocative
depictions of planet Earth's night sky. In fact, this Starry Night
consists of 1,836 individual images contributed to APOD over the last 5
years in a mosaic of 32,232 tiles. Today, APOD would like to offer a
sincere thank you to our contributors, volunteers, and readers. Over
the last 30 years your continuing efforts have allowed us to enjoy,
inspire, and share a discovery of the cosmos.

Tomorrow's picture: find the space rose
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
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A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
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& Michigan Tech. U.

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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 18
A detailed view of part of Earth's Moon is shown with many craters
visible. On the lower right, silhouetted against the comparatively
bright Moon, is a small dark silhouette of the International Space
Station. Many of the solar panels on the station are discernable.
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Space Station Silhouette on the Moon
Image Credit & Copyright: Eric Holland

Explanation: What's that unusual spot on the Moon? It's the
International Space Station. Using precise timing, the Earth-orbiting
space platform was photographed in front of a partially lit gibbous
Moon in 2019. The featured image was taken from Palo Alto, California,
USA with an exposure time of only 1/667 of a second. In contrast, the
duration of the transit of the ISS across the entire Moon was about
half a second. A close inspection of this unusually crisp ISS
silhouette will reveal the outlines of numerous solar panels and
trusses. The bright crater Tycho is visible on the lower left, as well
as comparatively rough, light colored terrain known as highlands and
relatively smooth, dark colored areas known as maria. Downloadable apps
can tell you when the International Space Station will be visible from
your area.

APOD Turns 30!: Free Public Lecture in Cork, Ireland on June 24
Tomorrow's picture: galaxy in a bubble
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
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A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 17
A starfield is covered with a light red glow. Several nebulas are seen
near the center. The famous Rosette nebula appears in blue and white
near the image bottom. Please see the explanation for more detailed
information.

Rosette Nebula Deep Field
Image Credit: Toni Fabiani M+¬ndez

Explanation: Can you find the Rosette Nebula? The red flowery-looking
nebula just above the image center may seem a good choice, but that's
not it. The famous Rosette Nebula is really located on the lower right,
here colored blue and white, and connected to the other nebulas by
gold-colored filaments. Because the featured image of Rosette's field
is so wide, and because of its deep red exposure, it seems to contain
other flowers. Designated NGC 2237, the center of the Rosette Nebula is
populated by the bright blue stars of open cluster NGC 2244, whose
winds and energetic light are evacuating the nebula's center. The
Rosette Nebula is about 5,000 light years distant and, just by itself,
spans about three times the diameter of a full moon. This flowery field
can be found toward the constellation of the Unicorn (Monoceros).

Explore Your Universe: Random APOD Generator
Tomorrow's picture: not a crater
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Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 19

NGC 3521: Galaxy in a Bubble
Image Credit & Copyright: Vikas Chander

Explanation: Gorgeous spiral galaxy NGC 3521 is a mere 35 million
light-years away, toward the northern springtime constellation Leo.
Relatively bright in planet Earth's sky, NGC 3521 is easily visible in
small telescopes but often overlooked by amateur imagers in favor of
other Leo spiral galaxies, like M66 and M65. It's hard to overlook in
this colorful cosmic portrait though. Spanning some 50,000 light-years
the galaxy sports characteristic patchy, irregular spiral arms laced
with dust, pink star forming regions, and clusters of young, blue
stars. The deep image also finds NGC 3521 embedded in fainter,
gigantic, bubble-like shells. The shells are likely tidal debris,
streams of stars torn from satellite galaxies that have undergone
mergers with NGC 3521 in the distant past.

Tomorrow's picture: lunistice
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
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& Michigan Tech. U.

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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 20

Major Lunar Standstill 2024-2025
Image Credit & Copyright: Luca Vanzella, Alister Ling

Explanation: Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, planet Earth lies on the
horizon. in this stack of panoramic composite images. In a monthly time
series arranged vertically top to bottom the ambitious photographic
project follows the annual north-south swing of sunrise points, from
June solstice to December solstice and back again. It also follows the
corresponding, but definitely harder to track, Full Moon rise. Of
course, the north-south swing of moonrise runs opposite sunrise along
the horizon. But these rising Full Moons also span a wider range on the
horizon than the sunrises. That's because the well-planned project (as
shown in this video) covers the period June 2024 to June 2025, centered
on a major lunar standstill. Major lunar standstills represent extremes
in the north-south range of moonrise driven by the 18.6 year precession
period of the lunar orbit.

Tomorrow's picture: solstice
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 21

Two Worlds, Two Analemmas
Image Credit: (left) Copyright: Tunc Tezel (TWAN) - (right):
NASA/JPL/Cornell/ASU/TAMU

Explanation: Sure, that figure-8 shaped curve you get when you mark the
position of the Sun in Earth's sky at the same time each day over one
year is called an analemma. On the left, Earth's figure-8 analemma was
traced by combining wide-angle digital images recorded during the year
from December 2011 through December 2012. But the shape of an analemma
depends on the eccentricity of a planet's orbit and the tilt of its
axis of rotation, so analemma curves can look different for different
worlds. Take Mars for example. The Red Planet's axial tilt is similar
to Earth's, but its orbit around the same sun is more eccentric (less
circular) than Earth's orbit. As seen from the Martian surface, the
analemma traced in the right hand panel is shaped more like a tear
drop. The Mars rover Opportunity captured the images used over the
Martian year corresponding to Earth dates July 2006 to June 2008. Of
course, each world's solstice dates still lie at the top and bottom of
their different analemma curves. The last Mars northern summer solstice
was May 29, 2025. Our fair planet's 2025 northern summer solstice is at
June 21, 2:42 UTC.

Tomorrow's picture: just a bowl of spherules
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Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
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Astronomy Picture of the Day

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fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 22
The image looks down on an orange rock on Mars. On the rock are many
nearly spherical smaller rocks. Please see the explanation for more
detailed information.

A Berry Bowl of Martian Spherules
Image Credit: NASA, JPL, Curiosity Rover

Explanation: How were these unusual Martian spherules created?
Thousands of unusual gray spherules made of iron and rock and dubbed
blueberries were found embedded in and surrounding rocks near the
landing site of the robot Opportunity rover on Mars in 2004. To help
investigate their origin, Opportunity found a surface dubbed the Berry
Bowl with an indentation that was rich in the Martian orbs. The Berry
Bowl is pictured here, imaged during rover's 48th Martian day. The
average size of a Martian blueberry rock is only about 4 millimeters
across. By analyzing a circular patch in the rock surface to the left
of the densest patch of spherules, Opportunity obtained data showing
that the underlying rock has a much different composition than the
hematite rich blueberries. This information contributes to the growing
consensus that these small, strange, gray orbs were slowly deposited
from a bath of dirty water.

APOD Turns 30!: Free Public Lecture in Cork, Ireland on Tuesday, June
24 at 7 pm
Tomorrow's picture: heart stars
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 23
A star field is shown in infrared light. In the center is an extremely
complex nebula that is outlines an iconic heart. Glowing gas shades the
center of the heart red. Please see the explanation for more detailed
information.

W5: Pillars of Star Formation
Image Credit: NASA, WISE, IRSA; Processing & Copyright : Francesco
Antonucci

Explanation: How do stars form? Images of the star forming region W5
like those in the infrared by NASA's Wide Field Infrared Survey
Explorer (WISE, later NEOWISE) satellite provide clear clues with
indications that massive stars near the center of empty cavities are
older than stars near the edges. A likely reason for this is that the
older stars in the center are actually triggering the formation of the
younger edge stars. The triggered star formation occurs when hot
outflowing gas compresses cooler gas into knots dense enough to
gravitationally contract into stars. In the featured scientifically
colored infrared image, spectacular pillars left slowly evaporating
from the hot outflowing gas provide further visual clues. W5 is also
known as Westerhout 5 (W5) and IC 1848. Together with IC 1805, the
nebulas form a complex region of star formation popularly dubbed the
Heart and Soul Nebulas. The featured image highlights a part of W5
spanning about 2,000 light years that is rich in star forming pillars.
W5 lies about 6,500 light years away toward the constellation of
Cassiopeia.

APOD Turns 30!: Free public lecture in Cork, Ireland tomorrow (Tuesday)
at 7 pm
Tomorrow's picture: spiral spiral
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 24
A sprawling spiral galaxy is shown in great detail. This galaxy has
blue spiral arms and a bright center that itself seems to look like a
spiral galaxy. Please see the explanation for more detailed
information.

In the Center of Spiral Galaxy M61
Image Credit: NASA, ESA, Hubble, ESO; Processing & Copyright: Robert
Gendler

Explanation: Is there a spiral galaxy in the center of this spiral
galaxy? Sort of. Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the
European Southern Observatory, and smaller telescopes on planet Earth
are combined in this detailed portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier
61 (M61) and its bright center. A mere 55 million light-years away in
the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It's
considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our
own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping
spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young
blue star clusters. Its core houses an active supermassive black hole
surrounded by a bright nuclear spiral -- infalling star-forming gas
that itself looks like a separate spiral galaxy.

APOD Turns 30!: Free public lecture in Cork, Ireland TONIGHT (Tuesday)
at 7 pm
Tomorrow's picture: pixels in space and time
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
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A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 25

Rubin's First Look: A Sagittarius Skyscape
Image Credit & License: NSFCÇôDOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory

Explanation: This interstellar skyscape spans over 4 degrees across
crowded starfields toward the constellation Sagittarius and the central
Milky Way. A First Look image captured at the new NSFCÇôDOE Vera C. Rubin
Observatory, the bright nebulae and star clusters featured include
famous stops on telescopic tours of the cosmos: Messier 8 and Messier
20. An expansive star-forming region over a hundred light-years across,
Messier 8 is also known as the Lagoon Nebula. About 4,000 light-years
away the Lagoon Nebula harbors a remarkable cluster of young, massive
stars. Their intense radiation and stellar winds energize and agitate
this cosmic lagoon's turbulent depths. Messier 20's popular moniker is
the Trifid. Divided into three parts by dark interstellar dust lanes,
the Trifid Nebula's glowing hydrogen gas creates its dominant red
color. But contrasting blue hues in the colorful Trifid are due to dust
reflected starlight. The Rubin Observatory visited the Trifid-Lagoon
field to acquire all the image data during parts of four nights (May
1-4). At full resolution, Rubin's magnificent Sagittarius skyscape is
84,000 pixels wide and 51,500 pixels tall.

Tomorrow's picture: pixels in space
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
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& Michigan Tech. U.

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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 26

The Seagull Nebula
Image Credit & Copyright: Timothy Martin

Explanation: An interstellar expanse of glowing gas and obscuring dust
presents a bird-like visage to astronomers from planet Earth,
suggesting its popular moniker, the Seagull Nebula. This broadband
portrait of the cosmic bird covers a 3.5-degree wide swath across the
plane of the Milky Way, in the direction of Sirius, alpha star of the
constellation of the Big Dog (Canis Major). The bright head of the
Seagull Nebula is cataloged as IC 2177, a compact, dusty emission and
reflection nebula with embedded massive star HD 53367. The larger
emission region, encompassing objects with other catalog designations,
is Likely part of an extensive shell structure swept up by successive
supernova explosions. The notable bluish arc below and right of center
is a bow shock from runaway star FN Canis Majoris. Dominated by the
reddish glow of atomic hydrogen, this complex of interstellar gas and
dust clouds with other stars of the Canis Majoris OB1 association spans
over 200 light-years at the Seagull Nebula's estimated 3,800 light-year
distance.

Tomorrow's picture: pixels in space
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
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NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 27

Messier 109
Image Credit & Copyright: Robert Eder

Explanation: Big beautiful barred spiral galaxy Messier 109 is the
109th entry in Charles Messier's famous catalog of bright Nebulae and
Star Clusters. You can find it just below the Big Dipper's bowl in the
northern constellation Ursa Major. In fact, bright dipper star Phecda,
Gamma Ursa Majoris, produces the glare at the upper right corner of
this telescopic frame. M109's prominent central bar gives the galaxy
the appearance of the Greek letter "theta", +., a common mathematical
symbol representing an angle. M109 spans a very small angle in planet
Earth's sky though, about 7 arcminutes or 0.12 degrees. But that small
angle corresponds to an enormous 120,000 light-year diameter at the
galaxy's estimated 60 million light-year distance. The brightest member
of the now recognized Ursa Major galaxy cluster, M109 (aka NGC 3992) is
joined by spiky foreground stars. Three small, fuzzy bluish galaxies
also on the scene, identified (top to bottom) as UGC 6969, UGC 6940 and
UGC 6923, are possibly satellite galaxies of the larger barred spiral
galaxy Messier 109.

Tomorrow's picture: light-weekend
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
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& Michigan Tech. U.

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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 28

Lunar Farside
Image Credit: NASA / GSFC / Arizona State Univ. / Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter

Explanation: Tidally locked in synchronous rotation, the Moon always
presents its familiar nearside to denizens of planet Earth. From lunar
orbit, the Moon's farside can become familiar, though. In fact this
sharp picture, a mosaic from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter's wide
angle camera, is centered on the lunar farside. Part of a global mosaic
of over 15,000 images acquired between November 2009 and February 2011,
the highest resolution version shows features at a scale of 100 meters
per pixel. Surprisingly, the rough and battered surface of the farside
looks very different from the nearside covered with smooth dark lunar
maria. A likely explanation is that the farside crust is thicker,
making it harder for molten material from the interior to flow to the
surface and form dark, smooth maria.

Tomorrow's picture: dark sand
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
NASA Web Privacy, Accessibility, Notices;
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

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Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 29
Viewed from above, a landscape on Mars features many ridges of pink
sand. Superposed on some of these ridges are thin brown stipes. Please
see the explanation for more detailed information.

Dark Sand Cascades on Mars
Image Credit: NASA, HiRISE, MRO, LPL (U. Arizona),

Explanation: Are these trees growing on Mars? No. Groups of dark brown
streaks have been photographed by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter on
melting pinkish sand dunes covered with light frost. The featured image
was taken in 2008 April near the North Pole of Mars. At that time, dark
sand on the interior of Martian sand dunes became more and more visible
as the spring Sun melted the lighter carbon dioxide ice. When occurring
near the top of a dune, dark sand may cascade down the dune leaving
dark surface streaks -- streaks that might appear at first to be trees
standing in front of the lighter regions but cast no shadows. Objects
about 25 centimeters across are resolved on this image spanning about
one kilometer. Close ups of some parts of this image show billowing
plumes indicating that the sand slides were occurring even while the
image was being taken.

Celestial Surprise: What picture did APOD feature on your birthday?
(post 1995)
Tomorrow's picture: raining stars
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
NASA Web Privacy, Accessibility, Notices;
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

--- BBBS/Li6 v4.10 Toy-7
* Origin: The Rusty MailBox - Penticton, BC Canada (1:153/757)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 June 30
A spiral galaxy is shown with an unusual feature. Faint wisps of stars
are seen both above and below the galaxy. A wisp above appears like an
umbrella. Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

NGC 4651: The Umbrella Galaxy
Image Credit: Rabeea Alkuwari & Anas Almajed

Explanation: It's raining stars. What appears to be a giant cosmic
umbrella is now known to be a tidal stream of stars stripped from a
small satellite galaxy. The main galaxy, spiral galaxy NGC 4651, is
about the size of our Milky Way, while its stellar parasol appears to
extend some 100 thousand light-years above this galaxy's bright disk. A
small galaxy was likely torn apart by repeated encounters as it swept
back and forth on eccentric orbits through NGC 4651. The remaining
stars will surely fall back and become part of a combined larger galaxy
over the next few million years. The featured deep image was captured
in long exposures from Saudi Arabia. The Umbrella Galaxy lies about 50
million light-years distant toward the well-groomed northern
constellation of Berenice's Hair (Coma Berenices).

APOD in a Modern Format StellarSnap
Tomorrow's picture: eye sky a dragon
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
NASA Web Privacy, Accessibility, Notices;
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

--- BBBS/Li6 v4.10 Toy-7
* Origin: The Rusty MailBox - Penticton, BC Canada (1:153/757)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 July 1
A fisheye image of the sky is shown on the left with the
landscape-foreground surrounding it. The plane of our Milky Way Galaxy
runs down the center. At first glance the sky looks like oddly like an
eye of a dragon. Please see the explanation for more detailed
information.

Eye Sky a Dragon
Image Credit & Copyright: Anton Komlev

Explanation: What do you see when you look into this sky? In the
center, in the dark, do you see a night sky filled with stars? Do you
see a sunset to the left? Clouds all around? Do you see the central
band of our Milky Way Galaxy running down the middle? Do you see the
ruins of an abandoned outpost on a hill? (The outpost is on Askold
Island, Russia.) Do you see a photographer with a headlamp
contemplating surreal surroundings? (The featured image is a panorama
of 38 images taken last month and compiled into a Little Planet
projection.) Do you see a rugged path lined with steps? Or do you see
the eye of a dragon?

Tomorrow's picture: in spired
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
NASA Web Privacy, Accessibility, Notices;
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

--- BBBS/Li6 v4.10 Toy-7
* Origin: The Rusty MailBox - Penticton, BC Canada (1:153/757)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 July 2
A skyscape is seen above an water inlet. Two rock spires rise from the
sea, and the central band of our Milky Way Galaxy is seen between them.
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Milky Way Through Otago Spires
Image Credit & Copyright: Kavan Chay; Text: Ogetay Kayali (Michigan
Tech U.)

Explanation: Does the Milky Way always rise between these two rocks?
No. Capturing this stunning alignment took careful planning: being in
the right place at the right time. In the featured image taken in June
2024 from Otago, New Zealand, the bright central core of our Milky Way
Galaxy, home to the many of our Galaxy's 400 billion stars, can be seen
between two picturesque rocks spires. For observers in Earth's Northern
Hemisphere, the core is only visible throughout the summer. As Earth
orbits the Sun, different parts of the Milky Way become visible at
different angles at different times of the night. As Earth rotates, the
orientation of the Milky Way in the sky also shifts -- sometimes
standing vertically as seen in the featured image, and other times
stretching parallel to the horizon, making it harder to see. In early
June, observers can watch it emerge low on the horizon after sunset and
gradually arc upward to reveal its full grandeur.

Tomorrow's picture: pixels in space
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
NASA Web Privacy, Accessibility, Notices;
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

--- BBBS/Li6 v4.10 Toy-7
* Origin: The Rusty MailBox - Penticton, BC Canada (1:153/757)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 July 3
A starfield is shown with constellations annotated. The band of our
Milky Way galaxy runs diagonally from the upper left to the lower
right. Just above the image center is a faint dot that is annotated in
yellow -- V462 LUPI, a nova that was visible with the unaided eye last
week and is currently still visible with binoculars. Please see the
explanation for more detailed information.

Nova V462 Lupi Now Visible
Image Credit & Copyright: Matipon Tangmatitham (NARIT)

Explanation: If you know where to look, you can see a thermonuclear
explosion from a white dwarf star. Possibly two. Such explosions are
known as novas and the detonations are currently faintly visible with
the unaided eye in Earth's southern hemisphere -- but are more easily
seen with binoculars. Pictured, Nova Lupi 2025 (V462 Lupi) was captured
toward the southern constellation of the Wolf (Lupus) last week near
the central plane of our Milky Way galaxy. Nova Lupi 2025 was
originally discovered on June 12 and peaked in brightness about a week
later. Similarly, Nova Velorum 2025, toward the southern constellation
of the Ship Sails (Vela), was discovered on June 25 and peaked a few
days later. A nova somewhere in our Galaxy becomes briefly visible to
the unaided eye only every year or two, so it is quite unusual to have
two novas visible simultaneously. Meanwhile, humanity awaits even a
different nova: T Coronae Borealis, which should become visible in
northern skies and is expected to become even brighter.

Tomorrow's picture: open space
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
NASA Web Privacy, Accessibility, Notices;
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

--- BBBS/Li6 v4.10 Toy-7
* Origin: The Rusty MailBox - Penticton, BC Canada (1:153/757)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
written by a professional astronomer.

2025 July 4

NGC 6946 and NGC 6939
Image Credit & Copyright: Alberto Pisabarro

Explanation: Face-on spiral galaxy NGC 6946 and open star cluster NGC
6939 share this cosmic snapshot, composed with over 68 hours of image
data captured with a small telescope on planet Earth. The field of view
spans spans about 1 degree or 2 full moons on the sky toward the
northern constellation Cepheus. Seen through faint interstellar dust
clouds near the plane of our Milky Way galaxy, the stars of open
cluster NGC 6939 are 5,600 light-years in the distance, near bottom
right in the frame. Face-on spiral galaxy NGC 6946 is at top left, but
lies some 22 million light-years away. In the last 100 years, 10
supernovae have been discovered in NGC 6946, the latest one seen in
2017. By comparison, the average rate of supernovae in our Milky Way is
about 1 every 100 years or so. Of course, NGC 6946 is also known as The
Fireworks Galaxy.

Tomorrow's picture: squid game
__________________________________________________________________

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.
NASA Web Privacy, Accessibility, Notices;
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,
NASA Science Activation
& Michigan Tech. U.

--- BBBS/Li6 v4.10 Toy-7
* Origin: The Rusty MailBox - Penticton, BC Canada (1:153/757)